International research attention on evacuation issues has increased significantly following the human and natural disasters at the turn of the century, such as 9/11, Hurricane Katrina, Cyclones Idai and Kenneth, the Black Saturday forest fires and tsunamis in Japan.The main problem concerning when a disaster can occur involves studying the risk red
AP4 method for two-tube nested PCR detection of AHPND isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Our previous work on the mechanism of virulence for the unique isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that cause acute platter hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VPAHPND) revealed that it was mediated by a binary Pir-like toxin pair ToxA and ToxB.These toxins are located on the pVA plasmid, a plasmid carried by AHPND-causing strain of V.parahaemolytic
Objective functions used as performance metrics for hydrological models: state-of-the-art and critical analysis
ABSTRACT Hydrological models (HMs) can be applied for different purposes, and a key step is model calibration using objective functions (OF) to quantify the agreement between observed and calculated discharges.Fully understanding the OF is important to properly take advantage of model calibration and interpret the results.This study evaluates 36 OF
Instructor-Blinded Study of Pharmacy Student Learning When a Flipped Online Classroom Was Implemented during the COVID-19 Pandemic
A multi-cohort instructor-blinded research study was completed at the School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, to test Collecting Supplies the impact on study learning endpoints when an online flipped classroom teaching style was implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic.The learning endpoints were gain in factual knowledge and gain in self-confi
Advances in the treatment of neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorder
Neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent episodes and severe debilitation.It primarily involves the central nervous system and is associated with the presence of aquaporin-4 antibodies.Effective management of NMOSD necessitates long-term therapeutic strategies that focus on alleviating sy